Computer networks allow the sharing and central management of applications, resources, and information across multiple devices in a safe and scalable manner. Computer networks are a vital part of modern society and offer many benefits, including better collaboration and communication as well as lower costs, improved security and access to information and resources.
Networks are constructed from two fundamental elements: links and nodes. Nodes are network devices such as printers, computers, and servers that communicate with one another using a set of standards known as communication protocols. Links connect these nodes through optical or wired connections. A laptop that can connect to a local network via Wi-Fi can be described as a node (DTE) and the link (DCE). Switches and routers are like traffic cops that direct data packets in the most efficient manner to get them to their destination.
A wide-area network (WAN) uses bridges and gateways to connect a variety of local area networks. Like a LAN however one can connect a WAN to the Internet and other global networks of communications. For instance, students from Florida can connect to peers in Tokyo on their workstations thanks to a WAN and bridge that connects them.
Computer networks help streamline processes and help create a more productive and collaborative workplace. For example employees can save files to a server that is regularly backed up on an ongoing basis, rather than emailing documents back and forth, which can result in the loss of files. They also have access to standard versions of customer or employee manuals on the network, which will ensure consistency and accuracy.